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Steven Borough (September 25, 1525 – July 12, 1584), English navigator, was born at Northam, Devon. ==Life== In 1553 he took part in the expedition which was dispatched from the Thames under Sir Hugh Willoughby to look for a northern passage to Cathay and India, serving as master of the ''Edward Bonaventure'', on which Richard Chancellor sailed as pilot in chief. Separated by a storm from the ''Bona Esperanza'' and the ''Bona Confidentia'', the other two ships of the expedition, Borough proceeded on his voyage alone, and sailing into the White Sea, in the words of his epitaph, "discovered Moscouia by the Northerne sea passage to St. Nicholas (Archangel)". In a second expedition, made in the ''Serchthrift'' in 1556, he discovered Kara Strait, between Novaya Zemlya and Vaygach Island. Encumbered by ice, Borough sailed to into the White Sea and wintered at Colomogro (Kholmogory). During this expedition he also collected the earliest known documentation of Sami languages in 1557; the list of words was published by Richard Hakluyt. In 1560 Borough was in charge of another expedition to Russia. Around 1558, he visited the navigational school in Seville. Here he brought back to England a copy of Martín Cortés de Albacar's Breve Compendio. Borough had his copy translated by Richard Eden and published as the ''Art of Navigation'' in 1561.〔Antonio Barrera, Colgate University, (Navigational Manual of Cortés )〕 As such it became the first English manual of navigation 〔Andrew Hadfield, ‘Eden, Richard (c.1520–1576)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Sept 2004〕 At the beginning of 1563, he was appointed chief pilot and one of the four masters of Elizabeth I of England's ships in the Medway, and in this office he spent the rest of his life. He died on 12 July 1584, and was buried at Chatham. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Steven Borough」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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